Drill.



PATENTED AUG. 2, 1904. J. W. PIGKEL.

DRILL.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 29. 1902.

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No. 766,196. Patented August 2, 1904.

UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

JOHN IV. PICKEL, OF CRYSTAL CITY, )SIISSOURI, ASSIG-NOR OF THREE-EIGHTHS TO LOUIS PHILLIPPI AND ROBERT SNYDER, OF CRYSTAL CITY, MISSOURI,AND JESSE F. .DONNELL AND PAUL LORENZ, OF FESTUS, MISSOURI.

DRILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 766,196, dated August2, 1904:.

Application filed January 29,1902. Serial No. 91,669. (No model.)

/1/0111 it y 007W??? seat 12, opening upon its rear end, said seat 12 Beit known that 1, JOHN \V. PIOKEL, a receiving the feed-screw 13. Thehead 6 excitizen of the United States, residing at Orystends beyond thesaid main easing, as shown tal (,ity, Jefferson county, State ofMissouri, in Figs. 1 and 4, and is provided with an out- 5 5 haveinvented a certain new and useful Imwardly-extending wall or flange 1%about the provement in Drills, of which the following gears to behereinafterdescribed, a cap-plate is a full, clear, and exactdescription, such as 15 being suitably secured upon' said wall, and willenable others skilled in the art to which the said gears being thuseffectively housed. it appertains to make and use the same, ref- Thesaid cap has a seat 16 upon its inner face 10 erence being had to theaccompanying drawfor the end of the main shaft and has also a ings,forming part of this specification, in bearing 17, which is in line withthe beforewhich mentioned seat 11, and a bearing 18in the Figure l is alongitudinal elevation, chiefly head 6, the drill or tool spindle 19,having its in section, on the line 1 1 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is drill socketor clamp formed in any appropri- 6o 1 5 a transverse sectional bottomplan view on the ate manner, extending through said bearings line 2 2 ofFig. 1. Fig. 3 is a bottom plan 17 and 18 and having its end received insaid view on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. i is a seat 11. The end of thedrill-spindle bearing bottom plan view with the cap removed, and againstthe inner wall of said seat, (or, pref- Fig. 5 is a fragmentaryelevation on the line erably, against ball-bearings interposed be- 20 55 of Fig. 2. tween said wall and said spindle end,) the My inventionrelates to drills, my object bethrust is against said wall and notagainst the ing to provide a compact, strong, and efiicienthereinafter-deseribed drill spindle gear, said structure. gear beingthus relieved of unnecessary strain.

To these ends and also to improve generally Suitably fastened upon themain shaft 9 is 5 upon devices of the character indicated my inadriving-gear 20, which fits between the vention consists in the variousmatters herebosses of the main shaft-bearings in the head inafterdescribed and claimed. 6 and the cap. respectively, and fast upon theReferring now more particularly to the drill-spindle I9 is a gear 21.The said bosses drawings, 1 represents the main casing, which (5 and 15have their outer faces trued to is of general cylindrical form and hasinterproduce, in effect, a stud upon which is mountmediate its ends andparallel thereto an inteed a yoke-frame, whose plates 22 and 23 lie riorannular rib 2, which divides the said casupon opposite sides of thedrivinggear 20 ing into two chambers 3 and 4, respectively, and litbetween said gear and the said head the chamber3formingthe cylinder of arotary and cap, respectively, each of said plates be- 5 engine and thechamber& housing certain opingrprovided with an opening, into which thecrating parts to be more fully hereinafter desaid respective bosses arereceived. The conscribed. Heads 5 and 6 close the ends of saidnecting-plate 24: of the yoke is provided with main casing 1 and areprovided with bearings a handle 25, which projects through a slot 26 7and S for the main shaft 9 of the motor or in the wall It, and by meansof this handle 8 5 4 rotary engine, said shaft being concentric theoperator can rock this yoke upon its fulwith the inner circumference ofthe annular crum, a pin 27, extending through the handle rib 2. The saidmain casing has a longitudiand engaging an opening 28 in a suitable nalenlargement or boss 10 at a suitable point, :t'rame-plate, serving tolock the yoke-frame and this enlargement has a seat 11 in what in itsadjusted position. Each yoke-frame o 45 may be termed its forward end.0., the plate 22 and 23 is preferably provided with end toward thedrill-and a long threaded diverging arms 29 and 30, and pinions 31 and32 are journaled between the respective sets of said arms, both of saidpinions being constantly in mesh with the drivinggear and said pinionsbeing so supported upon the yoke-frame that either of them (but not bothsimultaneously) can be thrown into engagement with the gear upon thedrill-spindle. These pinions being so constructed that they respectivelytransmit different numbers of revolutions to the drill-spindle gear, itwill be readily apparent that the speed of the drill can be varied bymerely appropriately shifting the yoke-frame. The motor hereinillustrated is a rotary engine designed to be run by any appropriatemotive fluid, such as compressed air. The piston 33 of said engine isseated at one end against the inner circumference of the beforementionedannular rib 2 and is of such length that it extends beyond the end ofthe main casing 1 and is received in a recess 34 in the inner face ofthe head 5, suitable expansible packing-rings 35 being interposedbetween the piston ends and the said rib and annular wall of the saidrecess. These rings are grooved, as shown, upon their inner faces,whereby they are substantially U-shaped in cross-section and arereceived in appropriate grooves in the piston, suitable tongues 36,formed upon the piston, extending into the packing-ring grooves. Thus amost tortuous passage is presented to any air which may tend to escape.Furthermore, these rings fit the pistons and inclosing wallssufliciently tightly to effectively prevent the escape of the motivefluid, but at the same time are not rigidly fastened upon the piston.whereby they can either revolve therewith or cling to the cylinder-wall,thus permitting the movement of the piston to take place between thesurfaces which may present the least resistance, and thereby reducingfriction and facilitating light running of the engine. The piston is ofcourse fast upon the main shaft and revolves therewith. The ends of themain shaft enter the seats 7 and 16 in the head 5 and cap, respectively,and are housed by said seats, leakage of motive fluid through thepiston-shaft bearings being thus prevented.

I prefer to construct the piston of two semicylindrical parts, each ofwhich has a circumferential plate 37 and a hub portion 38 adapted to fitabout the main shaft, while a web 39 connects the hub to-thecircumferential plate.

Each web has a recess 40 formed in its inner which forms theengine-cylinder, is turned out perfectly round, and a segmental block 44is secured therein at an appropriate point, said block extending thelength of the cylinder and having in its face adjacent the'piston arecess 45, in which is placed a suitable abutment 46. This structuregreatly simplifies the manufacture of the engine, it being onlynecessary to turn out the cylinder, cut the block 44, and then assemblethe parts. At about the position of the said block the main casing isenlarged and provided with chambers 47, 48, and 49, the first of thesebeing an inletchamber and the others being outlet-chambers, while acylindrical valve seat or box for the valve 51 is formed intermediatethe two outlet-chambers and between the inletchamber and the cylinder.Appropriate ports connect the various chambers with the valveseat, andports 52 and 53 lead through the casing and the block 44 from the saidvalveseat to opposite sides of the abutment. valve being provided withthe passages usual in a valve applied to chambers and ports arranged inthe manner specified, it will be readily apparent that by properlymanipulating the valve the engine can be run in either direction asdesired, and the ports leading to the cylinder can be throttled. Theinletchamber 47 has a threaded opening 54 in its side and a similaropening 55 in its end. Thus the pipe 56, leading from the source ofmotive fluid, can be connected in either ofsaid openings whereby theconnection can be made, as may be more convenient, owing to theparticular position in which the drill is being Worked, and the openingnot receiving said pipe can be closed by a screw-plug 57.

Seniicircular or open seats 58 are formed in the inner face of thecircumferential plates of the piston-sections, and each of said seatsextends throughout the length of the piston.

Rock-shafts 59 rest in said seats and extend across the piston andproject beyond the forward end of the same into the chamber 4, arms 60,61, and 62 being formed integral with each of said shafts. The arm is atsubstantially the point of its shaft which lies in the longitudinalcenter of the piston, and blocks 63, having semicircular seats in theirouter faces, lie over the said shafts and extend between the portions ofthe piston adjacent said shafts and suitable faces 64 upon the hubportions, one of said blocks lying upon each side of an arm 60. Screws65, inserted from the ends of the piston, engage both a block and itshub-seat, and lugs 66 upon the inner circumference of'the piston lie atthe sides of each block at its outer end, said blocks being thus firmlyheld in position and the rockshafts being securely and convenientlyseated. Each arm 60 extends through and is operable in the slot 43 of anappropriate web and has in its free end an elongated slot 67, which TheIIO

receives a pin 68 upon one of the pistonheads. Thus the pistonheadsbeing connected to the rock-shafts, as specified, rocking of said shaftsproduces reciprocation of said piston-heads in a well-understood manner.

Fast upon the main shaft and in substantially the longitudinal center ofthe chamber l: is an operating-cam 69, said cam being preferablyconstructed as illustrated in Fig. 3 that is to say, said cam iscomposed of semicircular sections, each of which has a circum ferentialportion 70, a hub portion 71, provided with a seat for half of the mainshaft, and web portions 72, connecting the hub portion with thecircumferential portion, a semicircular or open seat '73 being formed inthe abutting inner face of each cam-section on opposite sides of thehub, whereby when the cam-sections are fitted about the main shaft theirinner edges are in substantial abutment, and bolts Tl, passing throughthe webs, serve to firmly clamp the said sections upon the said shaft.The semicircular seats 73 of each pair cooperate to produce a bearingfor one of the rock-shafts 5i), and the rock-arms 61 and 62, whichextend oppositely from the rock-shaft which carries them, lie uponopposite sides of the cam (59.

Each of said rock-arms carries at its outer or free end a roller 75, therollers upon the arms 61 traveling upon a cam-track T6 and the rollersupon the arms 62 traveling upon a cam-track T7. The inner faces of thesetracks upon which the rollers travel are circumferentially displacedwith respect to each other, whereby as the operating-cam and the pistonrevolve, and thus carry the rock-shafts and their roller-carrying armsin a circle, the rollers follow the said cam-faces and the shafts 59 arerocked in a wellamderstood manner, this movement of the shafts servingto reciprocate the piston-heads in order to cause them to properly movewith respect to the abutment and the block in which said abutment isseated.

The cam-rings T6 and 77 extend around the rock-shafts and theirrock-arms and outside of the same, their peripheries being preferablycircular, whereby they can be readily slipped into and out of thechamber f from the end thereof, and the main casing is provided withinterior shoulders TS, against which the respective rings bear when theyare forced home. The inner end of the outer shoulder X. a, the endtoward the center of the chamber beingin longitudinal line with oroutside of the outer end of the inner shoulder and the rings being ofcorrespondingly different diameters, the manner of inserting andremoving the said rings will be apparent. Preferably each ring isprovided with a recess T9 in its periphery, and corresponding lugs (or asingle lug of different heights) 80 are formed upon the main casing andenter said respective recesses when the rings are in place, said lugsand recesses serving to hold the rings against circumferentialdisplacei'nent and also serving as guides in setting the rings.Manifestly the cam-tracks could be made integral with the main casing;but I prefer to employinner end a roller 8%, which engages and travelsupon the periphery of the operating-cam. A finger also extends from thevalve-stem, and between said finger and a suitable lug 86 on the casingis an expansion-spring 87, which under normal operating conditionsserves to act upon said finger to hold the said roller against the saidoperating-cam. Manifestly, the cam having the shape illustrated in Fig.3, as said cam revolves with the piston it operates upon the roller 8;and with the spring 87 to cause the valve 51 to properly cut off.

Pivotally mounted upon the casing and upon the side of said finger 85opposite the said spring 87 is a cam-plate 88, which lies in the planein which said finger moves and is preferably provided with anoperating-handle 89. As illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, thevalve is so thrown that the portion of the engine-cylinder to the rightof the abutment is in communication with the inlet-chamber and theportion of said cylinder to the left of the said abutment is incommunication with the exhaust. To produce this position of the valve,the roller 8& rests upon the higher or wider portion of theoperating-cam, the spring 87 being thus placed under tension, and whenthe said valve is in the position described the finger 85 is removedfrom the stop-cam 88.

As the piston continues its revolution the roller 8% rides downwardlyupon the narrower or lower cam portion, being forced thereupon by thespring 87, and the valve is rocked to the right (as the parts are shownin the accompanying drawings) sufliciently to cause the motive fluid tobe cut off from the port which connects the valve-seat to theengine-cylinder, further rotation of the operating-cam causing the valveto be rocked back into the position shown in Fig. 2. Should it bedesired to throttle the engine, the cam-plate 88 is turned upon itspivot to bring a point or portion :0 in engagement with the said linger,this point in of the cam-plate being so removed from the pivot that thecam-plate acts through the finger 85 to rock the valve to the left untilits solid portions cover both ports leading from the valveseat to thecylinder, the roller 8% being carried out of contact with theoperating-cam when the valve is in this throttling position. To reversethe engine, the said cant-plate is further turned to bring a point orportion y thereof in contact with the said finger 85, said point y beingso removed from the pivotal point of the cam-plate that the val veisrocked to the left sufficiently to bring its ports into such relationwith thecasing-ports that the said casing-port which leads to the leftside of the abutment is in communication with the inlet-chamber and thecasing-port which leads to the right side of the abutment is incommunication with the exhaust, all as will be readily apparent from aninspection of Fig. 2. Of course when the valve is thus reversed theroller 8& is held out of contact with the operating-cam, and there is nocut-off during the action of the engine. Furthermore, should the enginecome to rest with the roller 84: upon one of the lower portions of theoperatingcam and the inlet-port to the cylinder thus be closed, in orderto open said port for starting the engine it is only necessary to movethe cam-plate sufliciently to rock the valve into port-opening position,the said cam-plate being thrown back into normal position (shown in Fig.3) as soon as the engine has gotten under headway. Thus the single valveoperates to automatically cut Off the fluid pressure during the workingof the engine, to throttle the engine, and to reverse the same.

It is believed that the general operation of the present device will beclear without a further detailed description of the same. Pressure fluidbeing admitted to the cylinder, as illustrated in Fig. 2, the piston isrotated in a well-understood manner and carries with it the rock-shaftsand the piston-heads, as well as the main shaft and the operating-cam.The rollers upon the rock-arms 61 and 62 so follow their cam-tracks thatthe piston-heads are properly reciprocated, and the operating-cam actstoproperly rock the valve. The main shaft transmits motion to thedrill-spindle-, and by reason of the mechanisms heretofore described thespeed of this spindle can be varied, and its rotation can be stopped orreversed. The entire structure is light and strong, and the parts arecompactly and conveniently arranged, so that a very practical andeflicient apparatus results.

-I am aware that many minor changes in the construction, combination,and arrangement of the several parts of my device can be made.

ing, a shaft in said bearing, a gear upon saidshaft, asuitably-supported tool-spindle, a gear thereon, aswinging framejournaled upon said boss, and a gear mounted upon said frame and adaptedto connect said before mentioned gears; substantially as described.

2. In a drill or the like, supporting members provided with bosses whichextend toward each other and are provided with bearings, a shaftjournaled in said bearings, a gear upon said shaft and between saidbosses, a tool-driving shaft in operative connection with said gear, anda yoke-frame journaled upon said bosses, the respective plates of saidframe lying between said gear and said respective supporting members;substantially as described.

3. In a drill or the like, a chambered casing provided with a seatoutside of the chamber, a head upon said casing and having a portionextending beyond the same and provided with a bearing, a wall upon saidhead and extending therefrom, a cap upon said wall and provided with abearing, a motor in said casing and including a shaft having a bearingin and extending through said head, a tool-spindle extending through andseated in said bearings in said cap and said head and having its endseated in said seat, and gearing between said shaft and said spindle andlocated in the chamber formed by said head, wall and cap; substantiallyas described.

In testimony whereof I hereunto afliX my signature, in the presence oftwo witnesses, this 23d day of January, 1902.

JOHN W. PICKEL.

I/Vitnesses:

GEORGE BAKEWELL, G. W. PENNINGTON.

